Cụm giới từ là một nhóm các từ bắt đầu bằng một giới từ và kết thúc bằng một danh từ, đại từ hoặc một cụm danh từ có cấu trúc: Cụm giới từ = Giới từ + Tân ngữ giới từ (danh từ/ đại từ/ cụm danh từ). Nếu bạn đang luyện thi TOEIC thì chắc hẳn bạn sẽ thấy các bài tập về cụm giới từ có xuất hiện trong các đề thi thử TOEIC thường không khó, là phần có thể giúp bạn “cứu” kha khá điểm đấy!
NÂNG CAO TRÌNH ĐỘ TIẾNG ANH BẰNG: KHÓA HỌC TOEIC 4 KỸ NĂNG
Cụm giới từ với “AT”
at full tilt: Tốc độ tối đa
Don’t go racing around corners at full tilt or you’ll hit someone.
at first: Lúc đầu
If at first you don’t succeed, do it like your father told you
at cost: Giá gốc
I will sell you the apples at cost.
at all costs: bất cứ giá nào
We have to retain the majority at all costs.
at a stretch: Một khoảng thời gian liên tục
He worked for fifteen hours at a stretch.
at a moment’s notice: Ngay lập tức
The soldiers were ready at a moment’s notice.
at a loss: Lỗ
We sold those old computers at a loss.
at work: Đang làm việc
I’m at work right now so I’ll call you back later.
at the weekend: Cuối tuần
I love going out with friends on the weekend.
at university: Tại trường đại học
I studied economics at university.
at the top of: Đứng đầu
Barcelona are at the top of the Spanish league.
at times: Có những lúc
At times, I feel like giving up.
at the table: Trên bàn
The whole family sat at the table for dinner.
at short notice: Phút chót
She canceled the meeting at short notice.
at school: Ở trường
Things were very different when I was at school.
at the same time: Cùng lúc
I had fun and improved my English at the same time.
at any rate: Bất cứ tỉ lệ, trường hợp
At any rate, I’m confident I’ll find a job soon.
at random: Ngẫu nhiên
Numbers are selected at random in a lottery.
at present: Ngay lúc này
At present, I’m working for a multinational.
at length: Cực kỳ chi tiết, khoảng thời gian dài
My dad could talk at length about Irish history.
at once: từng lần một
Everybody started talking at once.
at night: Buổi tối
I can’t study during the day. I prefer to study at night.
at the moment: Ngay lúc này
I’m living in Ireland at the moment.
at least: Ít nhất
It’s cold but at least it’s not raining.
at midday/midnight: nửa đêm
I went home at midnight as I was tired.
at the latest: Thời điểm muộn nhất
Cinderella had to be home by 12 at the latest.
at last: Cuối cùng
At last, our bus has arrived. Thank goodness!
at …km per hour: ở tốc động
He was fined £150 for driving at 200 km per hour.
at hand: trong tay
I always have a pen at hand in case I need to take notes.
at a guess
At a guess, 50 people were at the party.
at a glance: Ngay từ đầu
I knew at a glance that something was wrong.
at first sight: Tình yêu sét đánh
We met at university and it was love at first sight.
at first: Lúc đầu
At first, I was happy here but now I’m not.
at fault: Có lỗi
Who was at fault for the accident?
at the end: cuối
I’m going to Madrid at the end of month.
at the door: ở cửa
There’s somebody at the door.
at one’s desk: Chỗ làm việc
My manager spoke to me at my desk.
at all costs: Bất cứ giá nào
I need to pass this exam at all costs.
at the bottom of: Phía dưới cùng
There’s a shop at the bottom of this hill.
at the beginning of: lúc đầu
I joined a gym at the beginning of the year.
at the age of: Ở độ tuổi
I learned to drive at the age of 21.
>>> Tìm hiểu thêm: Cách dùng giới từ In, On, At chỉ địa điểm
Cụm giới từ với “BY”
by accident: Vô tình
I was so sleepy that I put salt in my coffee by accident.
by all accounts: Theo những gì được biết
By all accounts, Seville is a beautiful city.
by appointment: Việc xảy ra vào dịp đặc biệt
The museum is open on weekends by appointment.
by the arm/hand: Cầm tay
He took me by the hand as we walked along the beach
by auction: Đấu giá
We’re selling our antique furniture by auction.
by birth: Gốc
I grew up in England but I’m Irish by birth.
by bus/train/plane, etc.
Are you going to go there by bus or by train?
by chance: Vô tình
I found some money in my jacket pocket by chance.
by cheque: bằng Séc
l’ue never paid for anything by cheque.
by day/night: lúc tối
The Eiffel Tower looks spectacular by night.
by design: Định hướng
I became a teacher more by accident than by design.
by the dozen: Một tá
I always buy eggs by the dozen. A dozen means 12
by far: đến thời điểm này
‘Before Sunset’ is by far my favorite film
by hand: tự làm
My granduncle built this house by hand.
by heart: học thuộc lòng
At school we had to learn poems by heart.
by invitation: Được mời
Membership to the club is by invitation only.
by land/sea/air
I get sick whenever I travel by sea.
by law: Bởi luật pháp
Dog owners must have a license for their pets by law.
by luck: Gặp may
They played badly but won the match by luck.
by means of: Bởi
I was able to afford the car by means of a bank loan.
by mistake: Không may
I chose the wrong road by mistake. Now we’re lost.
by nature: Tự nhiên
German people tend to be quite organized by nature.
by no means: Không có lẽ gì
It’s by no means certain that the economy will improve.
by now: Đến lúc này
If you don’t know me by now, you’ll never know me.
by oneself
I don’t mind spending time by myself.
by phone
Get in touch with me by phone if you need any help.
by post: Gửi bưu điện
Do you think it’s safe to send cash by post?
by request: yêu cầu
Guided tours of the gallery are available by request.
by rights: Đúng luật
By rights, it’s my turn to play but you can go ahead.
by one’s side: Bên cạnh ai
He was by her side whenever she needed him.
by surprise: Ngạc nhiên
The unusual question took John by surprise.
by the time: Đến thời điểm nào
I’ll have gone to bed by the time you get home.
by the way: Nhân tiện
By the way, I won’t be able to come to class next week.
by word of mouth: lời nói
The best form of advertising is by word of mouth.
By a whisker: Một khoảng cách cực kỳ ngắn
I’m lucky to be alive. The bus missed me by a whisker.
By accident: Vô tình
Sorry. I knocked over the vase by accident.
By and large: nói chung, tổng thể
It was, by and large, an unexceptional presentation.
By any chance: Bằng cách nào đó
Are you by any chance looking for a new staff member?
By default: việc xảy ra bởi không có hành động ngăn lại
If we don’t do something, they’ll win by default.
Cụm giới từ “FOR”
for ages: Thời gian rất lâu
I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been?
for breakfast/lunch/dinner: Cho bữa ăn
What did you have for breakfast today?
for certain/sure: chắc chắn
I know for certain that I won’t be here next year.
for a change: Thay đổi
We always go there. Let’s go to another bar for a change.
for ever (or forever)
Nobody can live forever, unfortunately.
for example: ví dụ
You could, for example, walk instead of taking the car.
for fear of: Sợ
I didn’t tell him for fear of upsetting him.
for fun
I don’t take sports seriously, I do it just for fun.
for good: mãi mãi
I’m not coming back. This time I’m leaving for good
for hire: có sẵn cho thuê
There are cars and vans for hire at the airport.
for instance: Ví dụ
You should study another language, for instance, Italian.
for luck: may mắn
I always wear this bracelet for luck
for life: cả đời
Working for the government is a job for life.
for love: vì tình yêu
I definitely don’t do it for the money, I do it for love.
for a moment: một lúc nào đó
For a moment, I thought she was being serious.
for the moment: lúc này
I’m happy living in London for the moment.
for nothing: Không vì gì cả
I can’t believe it’s closed. I came all this way for nothing.
for once: Ít nhất một lần
Late again! For once, can you try to arrive on time?
for the rest of: Thời gian còn lại
I could live here for the rest of my life.
for safekeeping: giữ an toàn
At the gym, I put my stuff in a locker for safekeeping.
for somebody’s sake: vì lợi ích của ai
Maria was upset so I had to be calm for her sake.
for the sake of: vì lợi ích
They stayed together for the sake of their children
for sale: Giảm giá
There’s a lovely house for sale at the end of this street
for short: gọi tắt
My name is John but my family calls me ) for short.
for the time being: Ngay lúc này
I’m happy in my current job for the time being.
for a visit/holiday
I’m in the mood for a holiday. Let’s go somewhere.
for a walk: đi bộ
I needed to calm down so I went for a long walk.
for a while: một lúc
I haven’t spoken to him for a while.
Cụm giới từ với “IN”
in a (good/bad) mood: lúc cảm giác vui, buồn
I’m not in a good mood today so leave me alone, please.
in a hurry: Vội
I can’t talk right now as I’m in a hurry.
in a mess: Hỗn độn
The whole house is in a mess. We need to tidy it today.
in a way: Bằng cách nào đó
Can money buy happiness? In a way, I think so.
in action: Thực tế
I went to Camp Nou to see Lionel Messi in action last week.
in addition (to): Để làm gì
In addition to feeling tired, I felt a bit sick.
in advance (of): trước
It’s a busy restaurant so we should book a table in advance.
in agreement with: Thỏa thuận với ai
I’m in agreement with many of the views of my classmates.
in any case: Dù sao
I don’t want to go and in any case, I wasn’t invited.
in brief: Tổng thể
The interview was, in brief, a complete disaster.
in case (+ clause): Trong trường hợp
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
in case of (+ noun)
In case of emergency, dial 911.
in cash: tiền mặt
I’d prefer to pay in cash, if you don’t mind.
in charge of: có trách nhiệm, đứng đầu
Our president is too incompetent to be in charge of the economy.
in common (with): Điểm chung
I have a lot in common with my best friend.
in comparison with: So sánh với
The weather in Scotland is awful in comparison with Italy.
in conclusion: Tổng kết
In conclusion, I believe we should do more to help the poor.
in confidence: bí mật, riêng tư
I told you that story in confidence but you told everyone.
in control (of): kiểm soát
He’s not in control of his emotions so he gets upset very easily.
in danger (of): trong vòng nguy hiểm
If you don’t change your diet, you’re in danger of being very ill.
in debt: nợ nần
He’s in debt, which means he owes money to the bank.
in detail: chi tiết
She described what had happened to her in detail.
in difficulty: Gặp khó khăn
If you’re in difficulty, I’m happy to give you a helping hand.
in disguise: cải trang để tránh gì đó
Celebrities often go out in disguise in order to avoid paparazzi.
in doubt: Nghi ngờ
The festival is in doubt on account of the huge storm
in exchange for: làm gì để đổi lại gì
I washed my father’s car in exchange for some pocket money.
In fact
I don’t feel tired at all. In fact, I’m full of energy.
in fashion
Beards were in fashion last year but they’re out of fashion now.
in front of
There’s a bus stop right in front of my house, which is handy.
in future
I’m not angry but in future, text me if you’re going to be late.
in general: Tổng thể
In general, I think that people in Ireland are very friendly.
in good/bad condition
My car is in really bad condition so I need to get it repaired.
in ink/pencil
It’s better to write in pencil so that you can correct it later.
in love (with)
I fell in love with her the moment I met her.
in moderation: Trong vòng kiểm soát
I eat meat in moderation as I think too much is bad for you
in no time: rất nhanh
Study every day and your level of English will improve in no time.
in one’s free time
I enjoy hanging out with friends in my free time.
in other words: Giải thích chi tiết thêm
I haven’t got a penny to my name this month. In other words, I’m broke.
in pain
The vet decided to put down the animal as it was in a lot of pain.
in particular: thích gì hơn
I enjoyed my trip to London; in particular, I loved Camden Town.
in person: gặp mặt trực tiếp
I’ve spoken to him on facebook but never met him in person.
in practice/theory: Theo giả thuyết
In theory, summers should be warm and sunny but it never happens here.
in prison/jail
There’s not a single corrupt politician in prison, which is simply wrong.
in private/public
I have to speak to you in private. Do you have a minute?
in return: Chiều trả lại
I teach her English and she teaches me Spanish in return.
in somebody’s interest
It’s in your best interest to do a bit of exercise every day.
in somebody’s opinion
In my opinion, Florence is the most beautiful city in the world.
in season
I try to buy vegetables and fruits that are in season.
in secret
I told you that story in secret and you told half of the world!
in self-defense
The defendant claimed he had been acting in self-defense.
in some respects
In some respects, I had been expecting Brexit but I’m still surprised.
in stock
I wanted to buy the jacket but the shop didn’t have my size in stock.
in summer/winter
There’s nothing better than going to the beach in summer.
in tears
He insulted her appearance and she left the party in tears.
in the air
There was a feeling of tension in the air when he entered the room.
in the beginning
It was hard in the beginning but I soon adapted to life in Ireland.
in the dark
She hasn’t told me anything. I’m in the dark about her decision.
in the end
In the end, family and friends are the most important people in life.
in the habit of
I’m in the habit of waking up early and going for a run.
in the meantime
The film starts at 19:00. In the meantime, let’s have some dinner.
in the mood for
I’m not in the mood for English class now. I’d prefer to watch a movie.
in the mountains
Do you like spending time in the mountains or do you prefer the sea?
in the news
Silly celebrities are often in the news in my country. It’s a shame.
in the nude
Stop walking around the flat in the nude – the neighbors can see you.
in time
I left my house early and arrived in time to have a coffee before work.
in touch
I’m not in touch with him any longer. We lost contact a few years ago.
in town
I’ll give you a call if I’m in town next week. It would be nice to catch up.
in two/half
I broke the chocolate bar in two and gave one half to my nephew.
in vain
I tried to convince her to go out but all of my efforts were in vain.
In a hurry
I can’t stop now. I’m in a hurry.
In a lather
She was in a lather because she couldn’t find her passport.
In a minute
Clean the kitchen, your grandma’s coming in a minute.
In a nutshell
He had a lot to say, but his answer, in a nutshell, was no.
In a row
After making losses four years in a row, the manager knew she had to sack someone
In absentia
The defendant was convicted in absentia after fleeing during the trial.
In action
Seeing a steam engine in action is increasingly rare.
In action
He was wounded in action in his second tour.
In advance
The money was paid in advance.
In agreement
I am in agreement with you as far as the basic design, but not with the color scheme you suggest.
The results are in agreement with the calculated figures.
in all honesty
I didn’t get a girlfriend, though in all honesty, I’m still undecided whether I really want to have one.
In order
Place the cards in order by color, then by number.
Cụm giới từ với “ON”
Act on sth (v): hành động theo cái gì
There have been concerns as to why the Board didn’t act on a recommended pay raise.
Based on sth (adj): dựa trên cái gì
The movie is based on the true story of an England gangster.
Call on sb to do st (v): kêu gọi ai làm gì
They’re calling on all men and boys over the age of 14 to join the army.
Comment on st (v): bình luận về cái gì
He always comments on my clothes
Concentrate on st (v): tập trung vào việc gì
She gave up her job to concentrate on writing a novel.
Congratulate sb on st (v): chúc mừng ai đó trong dịp gì
My friends congratulated me on passing the test
Count on st (v): lên kế hoạch dựa trên điều gì đó
Sorry I’m late, I didn’t count on being held up in the traffic.
Decide on st (v): quyết định về cái gì
I’ve decided on blue for the bathroom.
Depend on sb/sth (v): lệ thuộc vào ai/vào cái gì
The country depends heavily on foreign aid
Keen on sth (adj): mê cái gì
I’m very keen on sports.
Set on fire (v): phát hoả, đốt cháy
The new album of Madonna sets the world on fire.
Smile on sth/sb (v): cư xử tích cực với ai
The government began to smile on small businesses when it realized that they were the key to economic growth.
Trên đây là kiến thức tổng quát và một số ví dụ về cụm giới từ trong tiếng anh được trích từ tài liệu luyện thi toeic do Anh ngữ Athena biên soạn. Để đạt điểm số như mong muốn khi chinh phục chứng chỉ TOEIC, đừng quên cập nhật các kiến thức, mẹo thi TOEIC hữu ích trên website của trung tâm hàng ngày nhé!
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